Union Township’s history is one of deep colonial roots, Revolutionary War battles, early American farming, and modern suburban growth—making it one of Union County’s most historically significant municipalities.
Located just southwest of Newark, Union Township developed from a small rural settlement into a thriving residential community with strong transportation links, major educational institutions, and neighborhoods that reflect centuries of development.
Table of Contents
Early Foundations: Indigenous Roots and Colonial Settlement
Long before Union Township existed, the land belonged to the Lenape people, who lived throughout northern New Jersey, relying on rivers, forests, and fertile soil.
The Lenape Presence
The Lenape used the region seasonally for hunting, fishing, and travel routes along nearby rivers and creeks. Archaeological findings across Union County show their presence long before Europeans arrived.
Early European Settlement
Union Township’s European beginnings trace back to the early 1700s, when settlers from Newark moved westward seeking farmland. Small hamlets and homesteads emerged around what later became the village of Connecticut Farms.
This early period laid the groundwork for the township’s agricultural identity and its role in the events that would follow in the Revolutionary War.
The Revolutionary War Era: Connecticut Farms and Historic Battles
Union Township played a dramatic and painful role in the American Revolution, particularly through the Battle of Connecticut Farms in 1780.
The Battle of Connecticut Farms (June 7, 1780)
British and Hessian troops marched toward Morristown to attack General George Washington’s headquarters. They passed directly through the village of Connecticut Farms—now part of modern Union.
During the battle:
- homes and churches were burned
- civilians fled or hid
- the village was nearly destroyed
- Hannah Caldwell, wife of Rev. James Caldwell, was killed, becoming a Revolutionary War martyr
This battle remains one of the township’s most defining historical events.
A Turning Point in the War
The American militia, though outnumbered, slowed British forces enough for Washington’s troops to regroup. The British retreated, marking a symbolic victory that prevented further advances into central New Jersey.
Today, several historical markers, monuments, and preserved buildings commemorate this difficult but crucial period.
Becoming Union Township: Official Formation and Growth
Union Township was incorporated on November 23, 1808, originally named Union Township to symbolize the “union” of the American states.
The Evolution of Municipal Boundaries
The township once included lands that later became Roselle Park and other nearby communities. As the population grew, these areas separated and formed their own municipalities.
Early Agricultural Community
Throughout the 1800s, Union Township was largely rural. Farmers grew:
- corn
- hay
- apples
- grains
- dairy and livestock products
Small mills, shops, and churches served as the center of community life.
The township remained quiet and agricultural until transportation improvements changed its future.
The Arrival of Railroads and Early 20th-Century Growth
Like many New Jersey municipalities, Union Township transformed with the expansion of transportation networks.
The Morris & Essex Railroad
Although not located directly within Union, nearby stops connected residents to larger markets and employment centers. Commerce increased, and suburban interest began rising.
Early Roadways and the Automobile Era
The creation of major roadways—particularly U.S. Route 22—in the early 1900s reshaped the township, bringing:
- businesses
- retail development
- employment opportunities
- increased residential growth
This era marked the beginning of Union’s suburban identity.
Kean University: A Transformational Presence
Kean University, originally founded as a teachers’ college in 1855, moved to Union Township in 1958 and became one of the biggest influences on local development.
Opening of the Union Campus
The college moved to the estate of industrialist Hamilton Fish Kean. This property later became:
- the central academic campus
- home to historic Liberty Hall Mansion
- a cultural and educational hub for the region
Growth Into a Major University
Kean’s presence brought:
- thousands of students
- modern infrastructure
- educational employment
- arts and cultural programming
- partnerships with local government
This transformed Union Township from a quiet suburb into a more dynamic regional center.
Liberty Hall: A Window Into Colonial and Early American Life
One of the most significant historic sites in New Jersey—Liberty Hall—sits right in Union Township.
The Home of the Livingston and Kean Families
Built in 1772, Liberty Hall was home to:
- William Livingston, New Jersey’s first governor
- generations of the Kean political family
A Living Museum
Today, Liberty Hall Museum preserves:
- original furniture
- gardens
- letters and artifacts
- rooms dating back to the 1700s
Its collections offer an unparalleled look at early American life.
Suburban Boom: Post-War Housing and Modern Development
After World War II, Union Township became one of New Jersey’s fastest-growing suburban communities.
Housing Expansion
Returning veterans and families moved into:
- single-family neighborhoods
- tree-lined streets
- newly built subdivisions
Commercial areas grew quickly, especially along Route 22.
Community Identity
Union developed:
- strong public schools
- parks and recreational facilities
- civic organizations
- diverse restaurants and businesses
These features helped shape the township into the vibrant suburban community it is today.
Union Township Today: Diversity, Education, and Connectivity
Modern Union Township blends suburban living, historic preservation, and easy access to major New Jersey and New York destinations.
A Connected Community
With access to:
- Garden State Parkway
- Route 22
- NJ Transit rail (Union Station)
Union remains a commuter-friendly location for people working in Newark, NYC, and throughout northern New Jersey.
A Diverse, Active Population
Union continues to grow, drawing families from across the state and beyond. Its cultural diversity, strong schools, and historical assets make it one of Union County’s standout communities.
Q&A: Common Questions About Union Township, New Jersey
What is Union Township most famous for?
Union Township is known for the Battle of Connecticut Farms, Liberty Hall Museum, and its role in the American Revolution.
Did the Revolutionary War really impact Union Township directly?
Yes. The Battle of Connecticut Farms took place in present-day Union, and several sites and memorials preserve this history.
What major institution is located in Union Township?
Kean University, one of New Jersey’s largest universities, is based in Union and has shaped the township’s modern development.
What is Liberty Hall, and why is it important?
Liberty Hall is a historic mansion built in 1772, home to New Jersey’s first governor and later the Kean family. It now operates as a museum showcasing early American history.
Is Union Township considered a suburb?
Yes. Union Township is a suburban community with strong transportation access, diverse neighborhoods, and a mix of historical and modern developments.
